# 目的、信誉、感染力、理性、契机-修辞的要义（译）

Rhetorical Appeals 修辞要义

| <p><strong>Rhetorical Appeal</strong><br><strong>修辞要义</strong></p>                                          | <p><strong>Abbreviated Definition</strong><br><strong>简要定义</strong></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | <p><strong>Reflective Questions</strong><br><strong>反馈问题</strong></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| <p><strong>Telos</strong><br><strong>目的</strong></p>                                                        | <p>appeal to <strong>purpose</strong></p><p><strong>目的要义</strong></p><p><em>You may want to think of telos as related to "purpose," as it relates to the writer or speaker or debater.</em><br>你可能想把telos看作是与 "目的 "有关的，因为它与作者、演讲者或辩论者有关。 推断作者、演讲者或辩论者的目的。</p>                                                                  | <p><strong>Infer</strong> the purpose of the author, speaker, or debater.<br><strong>推断</strong>作者、演讲者或辩论者的目的。</p><p><strong>Elaborate on</strong> how the opening and concluding statements clearly reveal the purpose.<br><strong>阐述</strong>开篇和结尾的陈述如何清楚地揭示了目的。</p><p><strong>Decide</strong> if the purpose is supported with detail or elaboration.<br><strong>决定</strong>该目的是否得到了细节或阐述的支持。</p> |
| <p><strong>Ethos</strong><br><strong>信誉</strong><br><br>\* 注，ethos原来我翻译成权威，但在此处让我认识 它的意思更接近于信誉，伦理底层的内涵。</p> | <p>appeal to <strong>credibility</strong><br><strong>信誉的要义</strong></p><p> </p><p><em>You may want to think of ethos as related to "ethics," or the moral principles of the writer: ethos is the author's way of establishing trust with his or her reader.</em><br>你可以把 ethos看作是与 "伦理 "有关的，也就是作者的道德原则：ethos是作者与读者建立信任的方式。</p> | <p><strong>Infer</strong> why an individual <strong>would decide to</strong> read or listen to what the writer has written.<br><strong>推断</strong>一个人为什么会<strong>决定</strong>阅读或聆听作者所写的东西。</p><p><strong>Explain</strong> how the author cites that he or she has something valid and important for an individual to read or listen to.<br><strong>解释</strong>作者如何引用他或她有一些有效和重要的东西供人阅读或聆听。</p>        |
| <p><strong>Pathos</strong><br><strong>感染力</strong></p>                                                      | <p>appeal to <strong>emotion</strong><br><strong>情感的要义</strong><br> </p><p><em>You may want to think of pathos as "empathy," which pertains to the experience of or sensitivity toward</em></p><p><em>emotion.</em><br>你可能想把pathos看作是 "共情"，它涉及到对情感的体验或敏感性。</p>                                                                 | <p><strong>Decide</strong> how the writer/speaker is making the reader/listener respond.<br><strong>决定</strong>作者/说话者是如何让读者/听众做出反应的。</p><p><strong>Hypothesize</strong> how the writer/speaker is inciting passion.<br><strong>假设</strong>作者/说话者是如何煽动激情的。</p>                                                                                                                                        |
| <p><strong>Logos</strong><br><strong>理性</strong></p>                                                        | <p>appeal to <strong>logic</strong><br><strong>逻辑的要义</strong><br></p><p><em>You may want to think of logos as "logic," because something that is logical "makes sense"—it is reasonable.</em><br>你可能想把logos想象成 "逻辑"，因为符合逻辑的东西 "有道理"--它是合理的。</p>                                                                                | <p><strong>Explain</strong> how the writer/speaker is developing a logical argument.<br><strong>解释</strong>作者/演讲者是如何进行逻辑论证的。</p><p><strong>Elaborate on</strong> the proof that is given to convince the reader/listener to agree with the writer/speaker’s position.<br><strong>阐述</strong>为说服读者/听众同意作者/说话者的立场而提供的证明。</p>                                                                           |
| <p><strong>Kairos</strong><br><strong>契机</strong></p>                                                       | <p>appeal to <strong>timeliness</strong><br><strong>及时的要义</strong></p><p> </p><p><em>You may want to think of kairos as the type of persuasion that pertains to "the right place and the right time."</em><br>你可能想把kairos看作是与 "正确的地点和正确的时间 "有关的劝说类型。</p>                                                                       | <p><strong>Analyze</strong> how the writer makes claims that are relevant to what is happening.<br><strong>分析</strong>作者如何提出与正在发生的事情相关的主张。</p><p><strong>Decide</strong> if the author "is making the most of the moment" or attempting to write /speak to the concern of the audience.<br><strong>决定</strong>作者是在 "充分利用当下"，还是试图针对观众的关注点进行写作/发言。</p>                                                 |

Adaptation by Steve Carrier and Beryl Irene Bailey, Ed.D., based on: Source URL: <http://writingcommons.org/information-> literacy/understanding-arguments/rhetorical-analysis/rhetorical-appeals/583-rhetorical-appeals Saylor URL: <http://www.saylor.org/courses/#1.1.2>\
由史蒂夫·凯利（Steve Carrier）和贝柔·艾琳·贝莉（Beryl Irene Bailey）, 教育学博士改编，基于资料来源：<http://writingcommons.org/information-> literacy/understanding-arguments/rhetorical-analysis/rhetorical-appeals/583-rhetorical-appeals Saylor URL: <http://www.saylor.org/courses/#1.1.2>

**Attributed to: \[Writing Commons]** [**www.saylor.org**](http://www.saylor.org/) **(TELOS added to the source.)**\
**归功于：\[写作共享]**[**www.saylor.org**](http://www.saylor.org/) **(将TELOS添加到来源之中)**


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